| Command | Description | Syntax | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ping hostname | Test the reachability of a host by sending ICMP packets | ping www.google.com | |
| traceroute hostname | Display the route taken by packets to reach a host | traceroute www.google.com | |
| nslookup hostname | Query the DNS to obtain information about a host | nslookup www.google.com | |
| ifconfig | Configure and display information about network interfaces | ifconfig | |
| netstat -an | Display the status of network connections and protocol statistics | netstat -an | |
| telnet hostname | Connect to a remote host using the Telnet protocol | telnet www.google.com 23 | |
| ssh user@hostname | Connect to a remote host using the SSH protocol | ssh username@www.google.com | |
| ftp hostname | Connect to a remote host using the FTP protocol | ftp www.google.com |
Note: The output of these commands may vary based on the Unix-based operating system you are using (e.g. Linux, macOS, etc.).